Hazara people Essay

The book is superior to the film in many ways. Both of these versions of the story are very well fulfilled, however I believe that book has more detail and explains the story better. The book is superior to the film because the author described various facets of Amir’s emotional world, it showed Baba dying, and included important parts of the struggle Amir and Sohrab went through to get to America together. In the book, the author gets into the detail of Amir’s feelings and inner conflicts between himself and Hassan. In the movie it only shows a few scenes that you can truly point out his guilt towards what he had done to Hassan. In the book it says, â€Å"I hit him with another pomegranate, in the shoulder this time. The juice splattered his face. ‘Hit me back! ’ I spat. ‘Hit me back goddamn you! ’I wished he would. I wished he’d give me the punishment I craved, so maybe I could finally sleep that night. † (92) This quote is proof that Amir still feels guilt inside of him for leaving Hassan the day he got raped by Assef. It also demonstrates Hassan’s loyalty towards Amir. Assef was the older boy who picked on Hassan and Amir because Hassan was Hazara. Amir wanted him to punish him for not standing up for him like Hassan had done since they could walk. This was the point in the film that you could tell that Amir was feeling guilt from not helping Hassan. In the book however, there was much more detail and I could tell that he was feeling guilt from this situation and when he told his father that Hassan couldn’t go on the trip with them because he had a cold. Also, in the book I could predict why Baba never wanted to let go of Hassan and Ali. The author gave hints that there was something going on between Hassan and Baba up until the part Amir found out Hassan was his half-brother from Rahim Khan. In the movie, it was hard to tell there was a reason Baba wanted to keep Hassan and Ali until Amir asked what he thought about getting new servants. By Baba’s reaction in the movie it just seemed that he wanted to keep them because he and Ali had grown to be the best of friends. However, it was not really Ali Baba was trying to save. In the book Baba says, â€Å"‘Hassan’s not going anywhere. ’† This was the biggest sign that I thought the author gave. This quote is only one example of when the author gave a clue that Hassan meant more than a normal servant did to Baba. The book is superior to the film by the suggestions given by the author about Hassan meaning a lot to Baba. The next reason the book is superior to the film is because the movie skipped important parts of Baba’s sickness. First of all, the film did not even say Baba was sick. The author made sure that he stated Baba had cancer and that he had to live with Amir and Soraya so that they could take care of him and give him his pain medication. In the film it only showed Baba coughing once and the scene that he died in. In the book, the author included many different incidences that Baba was suffering and coughing. Also, in the chapter that Baba died you could tell that he was dying and when he said he didn’t want his medications that night I knew he was going to die. However, in the film it did not show Baba until Amir brought him to sleep. Baba was one of the main characters in the story and I believe that the film should have shown him suffering, and dying. Later on in the story Amir gets a call from Rahim Khan saying that he needed him to come to Pakistan. When Amir got there Rahim Khan told Amir a heartbreaking secret that everyone knew except him. Rahim Khan told him that he had to go and get his nephew in Kabul. In the novel, the author explains the whole story that Amir and Sohrab went through so that Amir could take Sohrab back to America to live with him and Soraya. The film missed all of the trouble they went through to get him there. In the book, the two of them went through troubles including when Sohrab tried to kill himself. This was another turning point of the novel. It was a huge event that I think should have been included in the film. When Sohrab attempted to kill himself I thought that was his way of showing that he could not trust Amir anymore and that he didn’t want to go to America no matter what it took. But when he found out that he didn’t have to go back to an orphanage he was truly happy to go with Amir. In the film, it cut out everything, even though these were important events. In the novel it says, â€Å"‘We’re going to America! ’ I pushed the door open. Stepped into the bathroom. Suddenly, I was on my knees, screaming. Screaming through my clenched teeth. Screaming until my throat would rip and my chest explode. † (343) This was the part of the novel that Sohrab tried to kill himself. This quote was very important in the novel. I think this because you do not know what exactly Amir is screaming about, but you know it’s bad. The author did a good job at this part because it almost forced you to continue reading to see what happened to Sohrab. The book was able to capture all of the details about the characters and their emotions and the situations they were in. However, the movie skimmed the interactions of Amir, Hassan, Baba, and Rahim Khan at times. In conclusion, the book is superior to the film. The AUTHOR did a beautiful job writing the story about Amir’s life and his guilt and the redemption he experienced.

Don’t Count Your Chicken Before They Are Hatched

DON’T COUNT YOUR CHICKEN BEFORE THEY ARE HATCHED Dongosu had just being promoted to the last call in secondary and he was preparing for his final exams which will make him gain admission into university. His parent were rich and they have pampered him, he spent most of his time watching films and playing games, so he has no time for his studies. At about a week to his final exams, he overheard some of his friend discussing about a man called scoopy who is an expert in sending malpractices’ to one during exams via mobile phone..Dongosu was happy to hear this, he collected all information needed about scoopy and he went to meet him concerning his final exams. Scoopy promised to send him the answers during the exam and they both agreed on the amount of money scoopy would collect. During the exam Dongosu would receive the answers as a text message and he would copy it into his exam booklet.After the exams, Dongosu boasted to everyone that his result would be the best in the state, he also told his parent he would like to throw up a party on the day the result would be out. His father called him and told him to be patient till when the result comes out. But he insisted that he would buy a projector and present the result in front of all his friends so that he can be recognized as the best student.On the day the result would be out, at about 5 minutes before the result will be projected ,all Dongosu’s friend were rejoicing and dancing merrily, the master of the ceremony announced the next item on the agenda, which is visiting the net and searching for Dongosu’s result, immediately his name was seen on the result list, the music was tune to a high level and people began to wait for his result to load on the computer, after the results loaded, Dongosu had fail in all his subject and he is to re-read the final class.Dongosu fainted immediately and he was rushed to the hospital, after several hours,he was revived back to life, he has been disg raced publicly, he apologized to his and he also told them about scopy. Scoopy was arrested and prosecuted he confessed that it was Dongosu’s friends who told him to Dongosu, so Dongosu faced his studies squarely and he learnt never to count his chickens before they are hatched.

Experimental economics summary paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 15

Experimental economics summary paper - Essay Example information regarding quality and to ensure quality control is through the use of a third party that certifies and endorses products to comply with certain standards. A total of 21 buying sessions with 20 trading periods per session were conducted having 5 sellers and 6 buyers per period. The sellers could sell two super or two regular grade products per session. They had to pre-commit to quality in secret prior to any selling taking place. The fact that regular costs less to produce is a universal fact and all subjects were aware of it. They did not however know the actual difference. Offers were posted up on a whiteboard and at the end of each period, the grades of goods sold revealed. The reputation-only phase of the experiment kept the identities of sellers and hence their sales records revealed. The cheap-talk signaling phase gave sellers the option of either displaying a grade to buyers, or displaying no grade and just the pricing information and numbers up for sale. The certification part entailed ‘paying’ a fixed amount by the seller to certify their goods. The findings hence are in the categories of reputation, perception cr eated by â€Å"cheap-talk† and third-party certification and endorsement. It was discovered that reputation alone may not be enough to satisfy buyers of the quality they were paying for. The number of goods sold increased when compared to the baseline model where no information regarding quality was available. In the second part of the study, sellers were asked to label their goods with vague environmental quality claims. These also were discovered to be not enough in increasing efficiency or the number of high-quality units. This sort of cheap-talk signaling was found to be effective only when buyers were experienced. In the final part of the study dealing with certification, it was found that verifiable claims where a third party was introduced to monitor quality can help consumers find the information they need before buying.

Marketing and consumer Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing and consumer - Essay Example The marketers, through segmentation, aim towards precisely recognising the customers’ needs and thus considering the process as to how the customers decide to choose one alternative product or service from among several alternatives. On the other side, the customers are acquainted with segmenting themselves and generally do not observe the marketers’ segmentation of the market (Wedel & Kamakura, 2000). Aimed Market Segment of La! Radio The market segment aimed by La! Radio is that of male market segment. The Chairwoman at La! Radio claims that her company’s brand is ‘men friendly’ and mentioned that her radio station wants the men to listen to their on-air programs. Through the market survey that each marketer conducts before targeting a market segment, it has been found out by the chairwoman at ‘La! Radio’ that ‘men’ hold an urge to know more and more about ‘women’. This fact is evident from the huge number of male readership to famous women magazines such as that of the ‘Cosmopolitan’ and many others. For La! Radio, in the entertainment industry, this fact with regard to the male has instigated the prospect of the male market. Answer to Question No. 2 Definition of Stakeholder A stakeholder is an entity or a person of the organisation that has a concern or stake in the actions of the organisations. ... Possible Stakeholders of La! Radio with Justification There can be five probable forms of stakeholders for La! Radio: suppliers, customers, internal entities, external entities and other stakeholders. Suppliers are the providers of equipments required for a radio station and services related to the provision of the equipments. They would hold the stake in La! Radio because it is at its initial stage and would have purchased the equipments on credit for certain time period. The suppliers would keep a close watch at the radio station’s performance so that they can receive their term amount on time. Customers would consist of the listeners who love music and holds the habit of listening to radio programs and could not leave the habit even for a single day. The internal stakeholders would be the volunteers and paid staffs who are working for their respective purposes which can be earning needs or as a passion. The external stakeholders are the competitors, universities and schools . Competitors would always keep a close watch at La! Radio’s each step to avoid intensity in the rivalry and the universities and schools would be anxious so that the entertainment programs do not hamper the students’ educational activities. The other stakeholders consist of all those who presume themselves to be stakeholders even if the radio station does not think so. Answer to Question No. 3 With the help of PRESTCOM analysis of the environmental factors that can have an impact on the establishment of La! Radio, the following factors have been evaluated: As far as the political factors are concerned, the applicant or the La! Radio would have to be eligible for holding the license under the terms and conditions of Broadcasting Acts 1990 and 1996. La! Radio should

Crowding and Psychological Stress Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Crowding and Psychological Stress - Essay Example Virtually all systems (for example, the heart and blood vessels, the immune system, the lungs, the digestive sys tem, the sensory organs, and brain) are modified to meet the perceived danger" (Sanberg 982) Wright notices that stress "is a medical term for a wide range of strong external stimuli, both physiological and psychological, which can cause a physiological response called the general adaptation syndrome". (Wright 358) Crowding is mentioned to be acute stress. Acute stress is immediate reaction of organism to danger or threat which is also known as "fight or flight response". This category also includes such psychological stresses as noise, isolation, hunger, infection and imaginary threat. All these kinds of stress, including crowding has psychological effect, because they act on the subconscious level and they are really dangerous for people's mentality. (Yao 859) Crowding is a potential source of psychological stress and one more area of interest. It is unpleasant feeling of people when there is a crowd (too many people) around them and it is unpleasant when there is too little available space. But it doesn't mean that crowding refers to density ("an objective measure of the number of people per unit"). (Sandberg 983) In density situations there are people who fell crowded and there are people who don't. ... But it doesn't mean that crowding refers to density ("an objective measure of the number of people per unit"). (Sandberg 983) In density situations there are people who fell crowded and there are people who don't. The problem of crowding is dealing with the influences of the environment on people's behavior. It is a matter of fact that crowding has direct emotional and behavioral affect on humans and it is only a psychological phenomenon. It is a common knowledge that many human consider crowding as negative or unfavorable situation. It is commonly suggested (without proof) that in most cases crowding is the source of aggression, crime or violence. Some environmental psychologists admitted that there were positive relations between crowding and bad social conditions as violence or crime. (984) It can be stated that with the increase of crowding and density there will be the increase in death-rate, crime rate and mental disorders. But Sanberg argued that when social factors are considered (economic level, educational level, and ethnicity) then correlation between crowding negative situations disappears. Therefore it is necessary to say that the problem of crowding is not so simple and easy as it may seem for the first time. This issue is more complex and contradictive In researches it is pointed out that density increases with performance. But humans fell less crowded with their relatives and friends. It is also stated that "someone with a large personal space need would feel crowded sooner than someone with a small personal space need." (986) Also sex differences (women and men) lead to different perception of crowding. For example, men were reported to have more stresses in case of crowding. Cognitive

POL2000 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT WK 1 ASSIGNMENT Essay

POL2000 AMERICAN GOVERNMENT WK 1 ASSIGNMENT - Essay Example Fundamentally, personal liberty enhances progress in a society. Hence, people discover better ways of life in an environment full of greater freedom. Individualism is the belief system for an individual’s potential to have common sense, be rational and act fair, which underlines the democratic view of popular rule. The collective rights of individuals give governments the authority and the power with these concepts diffusing through democratic ideals. Nonetheless, some democracies prioritize other elements ahead of the individual. For example, China, Cuba, and Vietnam promote a form of governance known as statism, which centralizes power and authority over the economy instead of an individual. In contrast, modern democracies consider citizens as more important than a community or the nation. Equality of Opportunity: According to Jefferson’s first draft of the Declaration of Independence, â€Å"All men are created equal and from that equal creation they derive rights inherent and unalienable, among which are the preservation of liberty and the pursuit of happiness† (as cited in Magleby, Light, & Nemacheck, 2011, p.22). In effect, these values augment the significance of an individual in a democratic process. However, American politics create controversy in the definition of equality and other mechanics to achieve equality in the society. Popular sovereignty is the principle that ultimate political power and authority lies with people, which is the principle that defined the American Revolution, the Declaration of Independence, and the new nation. The implication is that a government derives its power through popular consent from the people it governed. Hence, a commitment to democracy is the willingness of citizens to participate in the decision-making process in government. While these principles may be agreeable, the implication is that the minority should prepare to lose when the majority votes in a particular way. Democratic

Institutional racism in america Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Institutional racism in america - Essay Example The US property appraisal system, formulated in 1930, allows whites to achieve property value ratings and government loans whereas the blacks struggled to enjoy such facilities. Majority share of the governmental subsidies went to the whites rather than the blacks even though blacks were comparatively poorer than the whites. Underrepresentation of blacks in critical positions has also been charged as institutional racism. Mass media such as TV and movies always like to employ whites at the top position. All these inequalities happened in America because of institutional racism. This paper briefly analyses the characteristics of institutional racism in America. â€Å"According to Census data, whites with high school diplomas, college degrees or Master's Degrees all earn approximately 20% more than their black counterparts. Moreover, whites with professional degrees earn 31% more than blacks and 52% more than Latinos†(Institutional racism, 2009). Even though, both whites and bla cks have similar educational qualification and expertise, the earning levels of whites and blacks in public institutions were unequal because of the institutional racism. Whites are getting special considerations in both public and private institutions. The employers give preference to the white professionals while they conduct a recruitment process.

Change Management and Leadership Research Paper

Change Management and Leadership - Research Paper Example Secondly, the leadership should have the power to motivate and empower the followers so that they become ready to adapt to changes without resistance. Also, they should be encouraged to accept the shared vision and get ready to accept challenging goals. Another important point is that the leadership should be able to enforce enough discipline to execute the plans and policies. Most of the time, organizations come up with impressive strategic plans but they lack the change management skills to properly operate the strategies to reach the expected goals. As Kaminski insists, whenever there is a plan, there should be properly developed performance measures and targets. Thirdly, the leadership should be fully prepared to change at any time as an organization might need to change as a result of environmental changes. So, only a fully prepared leadership can ensure that the organization has an environment that proactively observes and responds to changes in both external and internal facto rs. Finally, the leadership should understand change as a long and continuous process which has to be implemented over a long period of time. Leadership as the Visionary The first role of leadership is that of a visionary. ... Leadership as the Inspirer Leadership should have the ability to inspire and motivate the people under it. It is often achieved by identifying specific benefits to the people and minimizing potential losses. Also, there is participative decision making and open communication which will make the followers feel that there is a compelling reason for change. Leadership as Supporter In fact, leadership acts as supporter through providing enough resources, enough time, recognition and rewards. Also, from time to time, leadership will publicise vivid stories about the success of the change. Moreover, the leadership will provide such a picture that the success of all people is dependent on the success of the change. Leadership as Supporter Leadership also acts as supporter during changes. It actively listens to the problems and criticisms of people. Also, it offers as much empathy and care as possible to the people affected by the change. Leadership and Change Strategies There was a seminar named ‘Transforming Organisations’ organised by the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions in Madrid on 23 and 24 September 2003. In the seminar, all the participants agreed to the fact that change management is the most important role of leadership. In fact, most of the changes introduced in organizations are aimed at improving either performance or productivity. The various strategies the companies adopt to ensure transformation range from growth, innovation and skills development, downsizing, layoff, replacements, altering assets and resources, and so on and on (cited in Dhondt, Kraan and Sloten). June Kaminski

Compare and Contrast Various Ethical and Leadership Theories Essay

Compare and Contrast Various Ethical and Leadership Theories - Essay Example Merrian-Webster, defined crime behaviour as â€Å"an act that is forbidden or omission of a duty that is commanded by public law and that makes the offender liable to punishment by that law.† This indicates that when the police, courts and corrections all work together the system itself works well. The main element of the criminal justice system in the U.S is that of the jury system which is seen to be unique compared to other jury systems. Originally the jury system was made that the result of the verdict being guilty or not guilty would fall on one person’s shoulders but on a group of people. However, this did not occur. The system works that ten people have to agree or disagree if a person is guilty or not guilty. The job of the courts is to show the jury a satisfactory amount of evidence, this is to try and make sure that no-one is wrongly sentenced. The selection of the jury is acquired so strictly it is deemed to show that no-one would favour anyone that is being trialled. In the American criminal justice system today there is an emphasize on equal rights, this is seen to be because a procedure has been put in place. This procedure is meant to be impartial and equal for every person. However a number of statistical reports show that there are still a number of concerns related to discrimination and disparity. Both discrimination and disparity have different meanings and the best way to understand and define them is categorizing them separately. The meaning of Discrimination is described by Microsoft Encarta Dictionary (2007) as â€Å"treating people different through prejudice: unfair treatment of one person or group, usually because of prejudice about race, ethnicity, age, religion, or gender.† Disparity is described by Microsoft Encarta Dictionary (2007) as â€Å"a lack of equality between people or things.† Disparity in the criminal justice system is usually related to ethnicity or race. The issue that arises when it comes t o a race related problem because it can also be seen as discrimination. David Cole wrote, "our criminal justice system affirmatively depends on inequality." Cole made this vital statement due to the fact, class and race has been causing a concern in the criminal system for a number of years. American criminal justice is said to be blind. However over a long period of time there has been a large amount of inequalities this is because of social class, racial and economic differences. "Absent race and class disparities, the privileged among us could not enjoy as much constitutional protection of our liberties" The case of Gideon v. Wainwright can be used to illustrate this point. This case showed that justice is not evenly awarded if the conditions in which it follows are not reasonable to begin with. In the case Gideon could not afford a lawyer after he was charged with a crime, because this would have been Gideon’s fifth offence the punishment was severe. Gideon requested to t he courts for a lawyer however the request was denied. After Gideon was sentenced to five years imprisonment, he appealed to the Supreme Court against the State of Florida pointing out that during the case he was not given the correct rights and the Constitution’s sixth amendment was not followed correctly. Gideon v. Wainwright case was a breakthrough because it gave defendants more rights and it increased the services and time that that was

1malaysia Concept Essay Example for Free

1malaysia Concept Essay These elements comprise A Culture of Excellence in performing all duties and responsibilities; A Culture of Precision in terms of time management and improving efficiency; Courage to innovate and explore new opportunities; Meritocracy in assigning tasks to those best fit to execute them in accordance with the Federal Constitution and national policy; unwavering Loyalty to our country; Perseverence in the face of adversity of any kind and Integrity in all matters and transactions. The inculcation of these Aspirational Values will distinguish ourselves as a powerful, respected and admired Malaysian Community, befitting the identity of a thriving and developed nation. In delivering its commitment to the Rakyat, the government presented the theme â€Å"People First, Performance Now† as part of the 1Malaysia concept. This theme signifies that while reinforcing the call for unity amongst Malaysians, the government will also prioritise issues that the Rakyat feel strongly about. The government also places great weight upon the performance and results of all public servants when engaging with the Rakyat. In other words, the government recognises the importance of the efficiency and quality of public service in enhancing the quality of life for the Rakyat, hence the adoption of a people-friendly approach in all government agencies is critical. In view of this, a Key Performance Index (KPI) will be implemented in all government matters, beginning with the KPI monitoring exercise for all Ministers. A Minister in the Prime Minister’s Department is already assigned specifically to ensure the smooth implementation of the KPI. The Minister responsible will provide further details on the KPI and a detailed system of implementation to fulfill this government objective. Such initiatives are expected to produce significant changes not only in government administration, but more importantly to lead to the betterment of the Malaysian people’s standard of living. Above all, 1Malaysia â€Å"People First, Performance Now† is expected to generate a definitive transformation, towards an advanced Malaysian nation, underpinned by a firmly united people, and esteemed by the world.

The Process of Phonation

The Process of Phonation Gabrielle Glodich    The evolution of human phonation is thought to have contributed to the rise of our species within the food chain. The ability to produce sound created more complex forms of communication, such as language. Language is thought to be the key component to enhance our survival skills by increased depth of understanding within our peer groups. To understand the foundational element in what perhaps gave us an edge to survival, besides the acquisition and utilization of metacarpal 1, the process of phonation must be analyzed. Phonation is defined as a laryngeal motor behavior used for speech production, which involves a specialized coordination of laryngeal and respiratory neuromuscular control. To analyze the process of phonation, the anatomic structures and physiology must be considered. (Loucks et al, 2007).      Ã‚   The larynx, also colloquially known as the voice box, is the main passageway to the lungs for functional aspects such as respiration, deglutination, and phonation. Our larynx is known to be a unique human specialization for speech because it is not present in non-human primates (Meshcheryakov, 2012). As seen in figure 1, the location of the anatomic structure is within the pharynx, behind the Adams apple and on top of the trachea. Figure 1. The location and anatomy of the larynx is shown above within the mid sagittal view on the left hand side of the photograph. The laryngoscopic view of the larynx is shown on the right hand side. Retrieved from http://cvsurgicalgroup.com/general-ent/voice-swallowing-disorders/. Copyright 2017 by C/V ENT Surgical Group. Three unpaired and paired cartilages compose the larynx. These cartilages envelop the vocal cords responsible for the main production of sound through vibrational movements. Vocal cords (folds) are mucous membrane foldings that stretch horizontally across the middle laryngeal cavity. There are four layers to the folds along with a vocal ligament. The vocal ligament allows the folds to change shape when the deepest layer of the fold, which would be the muscle, contracts. The two types of vocal cords within our larynx are the vestibular folds (otherwise known as false vocal cords) and the vocal folds (true vocal folds). These two types abduct during inhalation and adduct during deglutination and phonation processes. Ventricular folds are termed as false because they are not involved in voice production. Referring to figure two, the identification of the two differentiated types within the image helps to obtain an understanding of location on the structures within the laryngeal cavity. (Vashishta, 2016) Figure 2. Figure (a) shows the closed positioning of the vocal folds and glottis within the larynx. Figure (b) shows the open positioning of the vocal folds and open glottis. The location of the vestibular folds (false vocal cords) are identified within the image, though they do not contribute to voice production. However, vocal folds do contribute to voice production, hence their termed name of true vocal cords. Retrieved from http://howardyoung.info/lsitvkey-vestibular-folds.html. Copyright 2013 by Pearson Education Inc. When closed, the vocal folds vibrate and modulate the forced expelled airflow from the lungs during expiration to produce speech and singing. Specific vibrational patterns and movements produce different sounds through the positioning of the rima glottidis (glottis), the opening between the vocal cords. The length of the vocal cords result in differences in pitch and tone of the voice. Women and children often have shorter vocal cords, resulting in higher pitches and tones of voice. Men typically have longer vocal cords, resulting in lower pitches and tones of voice. Figure 3 shows the vocal cords and arytenoid cartilages partially adducted during phonation. The air is produced once it is forced through the small slit like appearance of the rima glottidis and vibrational movements begin from the vocal cord structures. The opening and closing positions of the vocal folds to produce onsets and offsets are voluntarily controlled from the nervous system, even though vocal fold vibration is mechanically induced by airflow during exhalation. Resting position results in more a neutral positioning of the vocal folds and rima glottidis, where normal respiration can occur. (Titze, 1994) Figure 3. The positioning of the vocal cords and rima glottidis is shown above during the common phases of respiration (normal and forced), phonation, and whispering. Retrieved from http://ueu.co/ovid-clinically-oriented-anatomy-8/. Copyright 2012 by Universities Education of Ukraine. Typically, the vocal folds within the larynx are open to allow air to pass freely in and out of the lungs during normal respiration. However, the signal to speak from the brain signals the muscles of the larynx to contract and close the vocal folds. Air during expiration is expelled from the lungs and the resistance overcomes the folds. The force initiates the folds to begin patterns of the vibrations. The rate in which the vocal folds open and close are different for the genders. The rate is another factor besides the length of the folds in which why the tones of the voices between genders are different. For women, the rate is typically between 100-120 times per second vs. in a man it would typically be 200-220 times per second. The patterns of vibrations of the vocal folds, in turn, produces sound waves from the voice box and projects them outwards towards another human. The sound waves from the larynx are amplified by traveling upwards through the anatomical structures of the thro at, mouth, and nose. Depending on genetics of the shape, size, and muscle tension, everyones structures are built differently and usually affect the resulting sound another peer will hear from the human producing the sound. Other factors that play a role in the process of phonation would include the posture of the person and the relaxation of the muscles within the pharynx. (Bailly et al, 2014). References Bailly, L., Henrich Bernardoni, N., Mà ¼ller, F., Rohlfs, A., Hess, M. (2014). Ventricular-Fold Dynamics in Human Phonation. Journal Of Speech, Language Hearing Research, 57(4), 1219-1242. doi:10.1044/2014_JSLHR-S-12-0418 Loucks, T. M. J., Poletto, C. J., Simonyan, K., Reynolds, C. L., Ludlow, C. L. (2007). Human brain activation during phonation and exhalation: Common volitional control for two upper airway functions. NeuroImage, 36(1), 131-143. doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.01.049 Meshcheryakov, R. V. (2012). Mathematical model of the human lungs during phonation. Russian Physics Journal, 55(3), 317-322. doi:10.1007/s11182-012-9814-5 Rishi Vashishta, R. (2016, November 03). Vocal Cord and Voice Box Anatomy. Retrieved March 06, 2017, from http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1948995-overview#a2 Titze IR. Principles of Voice Production. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice Hall; 1994.